中国组织工程研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 17 ›› Issue (42): 7449-7454.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.42.017

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

引导性骨再生膜管治疗骨缺损:怎样更好的走向临床?

王  雷,余德涛   

  1. 三亚市人民医院骨科,海南省三亚市  572000
  • 收稿日期:2013-04-09 修回日期:2013-04-30 出版日期:2013-10-15 发布日期:2013-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 余德涛,副主任医师,现任三亚市人民医院骨科主任,三亚市人民医院骨科,海南省三亚市 572000 ydt028@163.com
  • 作者简介:王雷,男,1986年生,山东省济南市人,医师,现在华西医院骨科进行住院医师培训,主要从事骨科创伤诊疗研究。 312367395@qq.com

Membrane guided bone regeneration technology for treatment of bone defects: How better to be used in clinic? 

Wang Lei, Yu De-tao   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Sanya, Sanya  572000, Hainan Province, China
  • Received:2013-04-09 Revised:2013-04-30 Online:2013-10-15 Published:2013-10-31
  • Contact: Yu De-tao, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Sanya, Sanya 572000, Hainan Province, China ydt028@163.com
  • About author:Wang Lei, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Sanya, Sanya 572000, Hainan Province, China 312367395@qq.com

摘要:

背景:膜引导骨再生技术已成为骨缺损修复中的重要方法,随着相关研究的深入,膜引导骨再生的相关概念和机制已经逐渐确定,但仍然存在一些未解决的问题。
目的:综述引导骨再生技术中膜管的分类、性能和优缺点及此技术的应用与研究中的问题。
方法:由第一作者检索1963至2013年PubMed数据及CNKI数据库有关膜引导性骨再生的发现及其在骨缺损治疗的相关概念与膜管分类、性能和优缺点方面的文献。英文检索词为“guided bone regeneration,guided tissue regeneration,bone defect treatment”,中文检索词为“膜引导性骨再生,引导性组织再生,骨缺损治疗”。
结果与结论:膜引导骨再生技术是治疗骨缺损的最有前景方法,但对于长管状骨缺损的修复使用还处于试验阶段,目前临床上还没有可以使用的长段骨缺损修复膜管。根据材料来源可将膜管分为:非生物性材料,如聚四氟乙烯、聚乳酸、硅胶、钛膜等;生物性材料,如胶原膜、几丁质膜、聚羟基丁酸酯等。按材料能否降解又可分为非降解性材料与降解性材料。可降解性材料具有组织相容性好、无细胞毒性特点,植入后可在一定时期内降解,部分膜还可以允许组织液和营养物质自由交换,但存在降解时间不易控制、膜管下容积难以维持的缺陷。新骨完全形成于非降解性材料内,成骨过程中膜管组织相容性好,引导性骨再生效果较好,但不能被组织吸收或替代,需二次手术取出膜管。今后应进一步改进膜管性能,使膜管可以兼聚固定和引导性骨再生作用;进一步进行一系列动物实验研究应力对膜管和膜管内骨整合的影响,掌握膜管骨整合的规律,为膜管在人体长管状骨缺损的研究和应用提供依据。

关键词: 生物材料, 生物材料综述, 膜引导性骨再生技术, 膜管, 骨再生, 骨缺损, 综述

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Membrane guided bone regeneration technology has become an important method in repairing bone defects. With the deepening of the research, related concept and the mechanism of membrane guided bone regeneration have been gradually confirmed, but there are still some unresolved issues.
OBJECTIVE: To review the classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages in membrane guided bone regeneration, as well as some unresolved issues in application and research.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases to retrieve articles about the discovery of membrane guided bone regeneration and the concepts, classification of membrane tubes, performance, disadvantages and advantages during bone defect treatment, which were published from 1963 to 2013. The key words were “guided bone regeneration, guided tissue regeneration, bone defect treatment” in English and Chinese, respectively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Membrane guided bone regeneration technique is a most promising treatment for bone defects, but for the treatment of long tubular bone defects, it is still in the experimental stage. Currently, there is no membrane tube for long-segment bone defects. According to the material sources, the membrane tubes can be divided into: non-biological material, such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polylactic acid, silica gel, titanium film; biological materials, such as collagen membrane, chitin membrane, polyhydroxybutyrate. The membrane tubes can also be classified into nondegradable materials and biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials have good histocompatibility and no cytotoxicity, which can degrade in a certain period after implantation; part of the membrane can also allow free exchange of tissue fluid and nutritional substances. But there are still some shortcomings that the degradation time is difficult to control and the volume is difficultly maintained under the membrane tube. New bone formation in non-biodegradable materials is complete. In the process of osteogenesis, the membrane tube cannot be absorbed and has to be removed secondarily, though it has good histocompatibility and better therapeutic outcomes. In the future, we should further improve membrane performance, so that the membrane tube can play a dual role, fixation and guided bone regeneration; a series of animal studies should be conducted to study the effect of stress on the membrane tube and osseointegration within the membrane tube, to master the law of osseointegration of membrane tubes, thereby providing evidence for repair of long tubular bone defects.

Key words: biocompatible materials, bone regeneration, lactic acid, collagen, osseointegration

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